Common Eye Diseases and Disorders II – LESSON 273

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In the last lesson we came through some of the pathological conditions of eyes.
Glaucoma: - Intraocular pressure in the anterior and posterior chambers is elevated because of the aqueous humor to drain from the eye and enter the bloodstream inability. Aqueous humor is generally formed by the ciliary body, passes into the posterior chamber and then into the anterior chamber, leaving the eye at the angle where the cornea and iris meet. This glaucoma is diagnosed by means of tonometry with an instrument applied in external to the eye after administration of local anesthetic. To lower intraocular pressure administration of drugs or miotics may prove effective in controlling the condition. To tighten fibers in the ciliary body or to create a hole in the periphery of the iris, which allows aqueous humor to flow from the posterior to the anterior chamber and thus reduce intraocular pressure sometimes, this laser therapy is used.

Hordeolum (stye): - This is a localized purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid. In this hot compresses may help localize the infection and promote drainage. In some cases, surgical incision may be necessary. Hordeolum means barley corn.

Macular degeneration: - Deterioration or degeneration of the macula of the retina. This condition may be inherited, drug-induced or age-related, and it leads to a severe loss of central vision. Peripheral vision is which using the part of the retina that is outside the macular region is retained. There is no known medical treatment, although certain forms of the condition may be treated with laser photocoagulation to destroy blood vessels that grow beneath, the macula or the vessels leak fluid and blood and cause injury to macular nerve cells.

Retinal detachment: - The retina’s two layers separate from each other. Trauma to the eyeball, head injuries, bleeding, searing from infection, or shrinkage of the vitreous humor can produce holes or tears in the retina leading to separation of layers. Patients often see flashes of light and then later notice cloudy vision or loss of central vision. Photocoagulation is the process in which making pinpoint burns to form sear tissue and seal holes and cryotherapy is creating a “freezer burn that forms a scar and knits a tear together are used to repair retinal tears. A scleral buckle made of silicone may be sutured to the sclera directly over the detached portion of the retina to push the two retinal layers together.

In the next post we will some more pathological conditions.

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