TYPES OF DRUGS-3-LESSON 160

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Oral drugs:- These drugs are taken directly into the mouth.

Exs:- 1. Chlorpropamide

2. Glipizide (Glucotrol)

3. Metformin (Glucophagetissue)

4. Tolbutamide (Orinase)

Antihistamines:- In the allergic reaction of our body the action of histamine which is normally released is blocked. This Histamine causes allergic symptoms such as hives, bronchial asthma, hay fever and in severe cases anaphylactic shock such as dyspnea, hypotension and loss of concentration. Many antihistamines have strong prevention of nausea activity and are used to prevent motion sickness. These antihistamines cannot cure the allergic reaction, but they can relieve its symptoms. The most common side effects of antihistamines are drowsiness, blurred vision, tremors, digestive upset and lack of motor coordination.

Exs:- 1. Chlorpheniramine maleastep (Chlor-Trimeton)

2. Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

3. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

4. Terfenadine (Seidane)

Cardiovascular drugs:- These drugs act on the heart or bloodvessels. The action of drugs that act on the heart by increasing force and the efficiency of the heartbeat are called cardiotonic drugs. These drugs are useful in congestive heart disease. Other drugs called antiarryhythmics such as beta-blockers. Beta-blockers block the action of epinephrine at receptor sites in heart muscle and in the walls of blood vessels and calcium channel blockers. The calcium channel blockers inhibit the entry of calcium into cells. They also verify abnormal heart rhythms. These drugs are also taken with other drugs and are effective in preventing angina. Angina is nothing but chest pain due to insufficient oxygen reaching heart muscle. The drugs that prevent angina are called antianginal medications.

There are different types of Cardiovascular drugs which may be divided upon their action or in which treatment they used. The treatment using these drugs are more difficult because many symptoms of heart disease have more uses. The varieties of drugs include the following types. They are described as follows:

1. Statin

2. Diuretics

3. Anticoagulants

4. Anti-platelet

5. Beta-blockers

6. Digitalis drugs

7. Vasodilators

8. Calcium channel blockers

9. ACE inhibitors.

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TYPES OF DRUGS-2-LESSON 159

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(II) 1. Anticoagulants:- These type of drugs prevents the clotting of blood which are in the conditions such as thrombosis and embolism. Some white blood cells and liver cells produce Heparin which is a natural anticoagulant. They are also used to prevent coagulation in preserved blood used for transfusions. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) dissolves clots and its used to open vessels after myocardial infarction. Here infarction means damage or death and myocardial means heart muscle tissue.

Exs:- 1. Dicumarol (Diabinese)

2. Heparin

3. Sodium warfarin (Coumadin)

4. Plasminogen activator (tPA)

2. Anticonvulsants:- These drugs are used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. These depress abnormal spontaneous activity of the brain arising from areas affecting scar or tumor without affecting normal brain function. Anticonvulsants are often called antilepileptic drugs or antiseizure drugs.

Exs:- 1. Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

2. Phenobarbital

3. Phenytoin (Dilantin)

3. Antidepressants:- These drugs are used to treat symptoms of depression. Many antidepressants are also mild sedatives and treat mild forms of depression associated with anxiety. The term antidepressant is sometimes referred to any therapy

( Psychotherapy, Electro-convulsive therapy, acupuncture) or ( sleep disruption, increased light levels, regular exercise) found to improve appetite and sleep patterns. The most commonly prescribed antidepressants is Prozac (fluoxetine). It works by allowing a neurotransmitter, serotonin, into nerve cells.

Exs:- 1. Amitriptyline (Elavil)

2. Nortriptyline (Pamelon)

3. Paroxetine (Paxil)

4. Antidiabetics:- These drugs are used to treat diabetes mellitus. Patients with type I (insulin-dependent ) diabetes must receive daily injections of insulin. At present most of the insulin is obtained from animals (pork or beef insulin). Recently human insulin is produced by recombinant DNA research (biosynthesis) and this product is used so much.

Patients with type II (non-insulin-dependent ) diabetes are given oral antidiabetic drugs that stimulate the production and release of insulin by the pancreas. Here instead of the drug sulfonylureas, drug metformin is used as an option. It suppresses glucose production in the liver and increase sensitivity in the liver to insulin without stimulating insulin secretion.

An insulin pump is a device strapped to the patient waist that time to time delivered via needle the desired amount of insulin.

Exs:- 1. Insulin

2. Humulin

3. Lietin

4. Lente

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