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In the last lesson, we have learnt about eye diseases and in this lessson we are going to learn about diagnostic procedures done to the eyes. As a medical transcription learner, you should all know about these procedures, as physicians will dictate about these procedures in their live files while you work in a company. These diagnostic procedures generally do to a patient while he is examined by a physician while doing an eye exam. In this post, we will learn about fluorescein angiography, ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp ocular examination, tonometry, visual acuity test, and visual field exam.  Fluorescein Angiography: This procedure is done to identify hypertensive retinopathy or diabetic retinopathy. This test is also used to find any lesions in the macular area of the retina of the eye. In this test, a dye material called fluorescein is injected intravenously. By injecting this eye, blood flow is tracked by an instrument named ophthalmoscopy. Ophthal...

In the previous lessons, we have studied a list of eye diseases with eye diseases in children, and diabetic eye diseases. In this post, we will learn about retinitis pigmentosa and strabismus. As a medical transcription learner, you should know about these two diseases. In all the ENT medical files, you will hear about these medical terminologies often. This lesson concludes with these two diseases and we will learn about ENT clinical procedures from the next post. As of we have studied common pathological conditions of the eye, such as cataract, chalazion, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, hordoleum or stye, macular degeneration, and retinal detachment. Please read again those posts once again and memorize all the terms. Retinitis Pigmentosa: This is a very bad disease kind of the eye. It may lead to incurable blindess to the eye. Retinitis pigmentosa is termed in short as RP. If a patient is affected with this disease, he or she may get blindness in nights...

In the last lesson we came through some of the pathological conditions of eyes. Glaucoma: - Intraocular pressure in the anterior and posterior chambers is elevated because of the aqueous humor to drain from the eye and enter the bloodstream inability. Aqueous humor is generally formed by the ciliary body, passes into the posterior chamber and then into the anterior chamber, leaving the eye at the angle where the cornea and iris meet. This glaucoma is diagnosed by means of tonometry with an instrument applied in external to the eye after administration of local anesthetic. To lower intraocular pressure administration of drugs or miotics may prove effective in controlling the condition. To tighten fibers in the ciliary body or to create a hole in the periphery of the iris, which allows aqueous humor to flow from the posterior to the anterior chamber and thus reduce intraocular pressure sometimes, this laser therapy is used. Hordeolum (stye): - This is a localized purulent, inflam...

In this article we will see what would be the causes of intestinal cancer, especially, gastrointestinal cancer.  As a medical transcriptionist trainee, we should all know about small intestinal cancer symptoms and gastic intestinal cancer symptoms. The long food tube, anatomically known as gastrointestinal tract is placed behind the heart. This is a long tube like structure that connects mouth with gastric tube or food tube where the food is settled from the mouth for digestion. This tube is called esophagus, which sized approximately of 25 cm to 30 cm and which has a capability of contraction and extension. There are two valves present at the junction where the mouth and esophagus meets. These valves will open only at the instant of swallowing of food materials or at the instance of vomiting.  Esophagus has the ability to push the food material that enters into the mouth to the small intestines. Even if we take from the head upside down, ...

Any disease conditiion is called pathology. Pathology is the study of disease conditions. Like every other organ, eye also has many different kinds of disease conditions called eye pathologies. As an medical transcriptionist learner, you all should know about these pathologies or disease conditions of the eyes. There is difference in ages or gender, even eye diseases in children are found. In the list of eye diseases, we can include diabetic related eye diseases too. Diabetes is also a cause of eye diseases in elder people. These diseases are called degenerative eye diseases. The important disease conditions are cataract, chalazion, glaucoma, and retinopathy due to diabetes. We will see about one by one now. Okay. Cataract: This is a common eye disese type, which causes decreased vision in the eyes. This decrease in vision happens due to the clouding process of the lens. This pathological condition occurs commonly in older people and so it is called senile...

In this post we would learn about errors of refraction. Astigmatism: - Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye is called Astigmatism. From one or more abnormal curvatures of the cornea or lens this problem leads in. This causes light rays to be unevenly and not sharply focused on the retina, so that the image is distorted. A cylindrical lens placed in the proper position in front of the eye can correct this problem. Hyperopia: - The eye ball in this condition is too short or the refractive power of the lens is too weak. Parallel rays of light tend to focus behind the retina and this result in a blurred image. A convex lens which is thicker in the middle than at tht sides bends the rays inward before they reach the cornea, and thus the rays can be focused properly on the retina. Myopia: - In myopia the eyeball is too long or the refractive power of the lens so strong that light rays does not properly focus on the retina. The image perceived is blurred because th...

In this post we would learn some more medical terminologies for eyes and ears. The other terminology is ambly/o which means dull or dim. Amblyopia in which -opia means vision. Amblyopia is a partial loss of sight and is also known as lazy eye. This is because it is associated with failure of the eyes to work together to focus on the same point. The next terminology is dipl/o which means double. The other terminology is glauc/o which means gray.The term glaucoma comes from the dull gray-green gleam of the affected eye in advanced cases. Here -oma means mass or collection of fluid or aqueous humor.  The other terminology is mi/o which means smaller or less. Miosis is the contraction of the pupil. A miotic is a drug such as pilocarpine that causes the pupil to contract. The next terminology is mydr/o which means widen or enlarge. Mydriasis is the enlargement of pupils. Atropine and cocaine ...

Like in the previous post, we will learn some more important medical terminologies which are related to eyes and ears. The next terminology is opthalm/o, which means eye. Opthalmologist is an eye specialist is a medical doctor who specializes in treating disorder of the eye. The other terminology is opt/o or optic/o which means eye or vision. Optic is pertaining to eye and optometrist is the lens prescriber and examiner. A nonmedical person who can examine eyes to determine vision problems and prescribe lenses. The other terminology is palpebr/o which means eyelid. Palpebral is pertaining to eyelid. The next terminology is papill/o which means optic disk or nipple-like. Papilledema is the swelling of optic disk, –edema means swelling. This condition is associated with increased intracranial pressure and hyperemia also called increased blood flow in the region of optic disk. The other terminology is phac/o which means lens of the eye. Phacoemulsification is the technique of cat...