TYPES OF DRUGS-ANTBIOTICS-LESSON 158

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Already we have learnt about the term 'Antibiotics'. In this post we would learn about the different types of Antibiotics
(I)1. Antifungal :- It is the agent that suppress the growth or reproduction of fungi which may be used topically in superficial infections. It may be orally or intravenously in systemic fungal infections.
Ex:- 1. Amphotericin B (Fungizone)
2. Ketoconazole (Nizoral)
3. Fluconazole (Diflucan)
2. Antimalarials:- The drugs used to prevent or treat malaria
Exs:- 1. Chloroquine (Aralen)
2. Pyrimethamine (Daraprim)
3. Antituberculars:- The drugs that are used for killing actively multiplying large bacterial population in a cavity, slow and intermittently multiplying small population in a solid caseous lesion and a slow occasionally multiplying population inside macrophages, of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Exs:- 1. Isoniazid (NH)
2. Rifampin (Rifadin)
3. Erythromycin
4. Antivirals:-These drugs are used to treat an infection caused by a virus. They arrest viral replication.
Exs:- 1. Acyclovir (Zovirax),
2. Zidovudine or AZT (Retrovir)
3. Amantadine
4. Ribovirin
5. Ganciclovir
5. Cephalosporins:- A group of antibiotics derived from a fungus that have a wide range of activity against many important bacteria and are useful for treatment of serious infections. The historic classification of Cephalosporins is by generations.
Exs:- 1. Cefaclor (Ceclor)
2. Cephalothin (Keflin)
3. Cephradine (Anspor)
6. Erythromycins and like drugs:- An antibiotic that binds to ribosomal subunits of bacteria and suppress protein synthesis, used in treatment of respiratory infections, and in infections where patient is sensitive to penicillin.
Exs:- 1. Azithramycin
2. Clarithromycin
7. Pencillins:- An antibiotic of beta ring structure produced by the molds pencillium notatum and penicillium chrysogenum. It is bactericidal killing bacteria by interfering with their cell wall synthesis. It acts on both organisms. Pencillinase is capable of inactivating the pencillin. Hypersensitivity forms the most important adverse reaction.
Exs:- 1. Amoxicillin (Amoxin)
2. Ampicillin (Omnipen)
3. Penicillin V potassium (Pen-Vee)
8. Tetracyclines:- An antibiotic which acts against most pathogenic bacteria, rickettsias, chlamydias and mycoplasma.
Exs:- 1. Doxycycline
2. Tetracycline
9. Sulphanamides (Sulfa drugs):- These drugs acts as an anti-inflammatory drugs.
Exs:- 1. Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
2. Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin)
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