Function of Pancreas - Lesson 304

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What is Pancreas and Where is it situated and What are the Function of Pancreas?: Pancreas is an endocrine gland that is situated in the small intestine. It is situated at the backside of the stomach in the area of the first and second lumbar vertebral bones. The head part of the pancreas lies in the concave area of the duodenum. The body part of the pancreas lies behind the stomach. The tail area of the pancreas lies in touch with spleen.  Function of pancreas is the lesson topic we are going to see now. Pancreas is a very important gland in our body. It is situated in the digestive system. Pancreas is an endocrine gland. It secrets a number of important hormones. The names of hormones that are secreted by pancreas are insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, and pancreatic juice. In these hormones, pancreatic juice is a hormone that has important enzymes that are useful in digestion of food and also pancreatic juice helps to absorb essential nutrient particles from the food and also helps in digesting food materials in the small intestine. All the hormones of pancreas helps to break down food nutrients, such as, fat, protein, and sugars.
Functions of Pancreas: What is the function of pancreas? Pancreas functions both as an endocrine gland as well as an exocrine gland. Any endocrine gland has no ducts to secrete its content to mix in the blood stream and a gland with exocrine function mixes its secretion in the blood throuth ducts. The organ named as islets of Langerhans in the pancreas functions as an endocrine gland. Islets of Langerhans is an organ of the pancreas that is made up of cluster of cells of millions in number. These cells have specialized functions. Islets of Langerhans secretes important hormones named as insulin and glucagon. Insulin is produced by beta cells of the islets of Langerhans and glucagon is produced by alpha cells of it. In food metabolism function of the body insulin and glucagon play a vital role. In human body, sugar and starch are formed in the blood once food is consumed. Insulin secreted by the iselt of Langerhans makes the free glucose present in the blood to enter the body cells and excess of glucose is stored in the liver as glycogen. When no more glucose in the blood stream, liver converts glycogen into glucose. The process converting glycogen into glucose whenever 
needed is called as glucogenesis. Glucagon functions oppositely of the insulin. When sugar levels are less in the blood stream, glucagon is secreted and so it breaks down the glycogen into glucose and 
so the level of sugar in the blood increases.

 Exocrine Function of Pancreas: Other cells of pancreas apart from islets of Langerhans work like an exocrine gland. These cells secrete essential digestive enzymes and pancreatic juice in the alimentary canal. Pancreas has a duct to release its enzymes into the bloodstream.

In the next lesson of free medical transcription course, we will learn about pituitary gland anatomy and functions. Okay. Come on


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