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In this post we would learn the remaining terms related to specific bones. 8. fibul/o means fibula or smaller lower leg bone. 9. humer/o means humerus or upper arm bone. 10. ili/o means ilium or upper part of the pelvic bone. 11. isch/o means ischium or posterior part of the pelvic bone. 12. malleol/o means malleolus or the process on each side of the ankle. The medial malleolus is at the bottom of the tibia and the lateral malleolus is at the bottom of the fibula. 13. mandibul/o means mandible or lower jaw bone. 14.   maxilla/o means maxilla or the upper jaw bone. 15. metacarp/o means metacarpals or hand bones. 16. metatars/o means metatarsals or foot bones. 17. olecran/o means olecranon or elbow. 18. patell/a means patella. 19. patell/o means kneecap. 20. pelv/i means pelvis or hip bone. 21. perone/o means fibula. 22. phalang/o means philanges or finger bones. 23. pub/o means pubis or anterior part of the pelvic bone.

 Some of the suffixes of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM are given below: 1. –blast means embryonic or immature cell. Osteoblast is the cell breaks down bone to remove bone tissue. 2. –clast means to break. Osteoclast means the break down of cell to remove bone tissue. 3. –listhesis means slipping. Spondylolisthesis means forward slipping or subluxation of a vertebra over a lower vertebra. 4. –malacia means softening. Osteomalacia means a condition in which vitamin D deficiency leads to decalcification of bones known as rickets in children. 5. –physis means to grow. Epiphysis and Pubic symphysis are the best examples. 6. –porosis means pore or passage. Osteoporosis means loss of bony tissue and decreased mass of bone. Pathological conditions and fractures. 7. –tome means instrument to cut. Osteotome means surgical chisel which is designed to cut bone. SPECIFIC BONES OF RELATED TERMS Let us discuss some of the related terms for the combining forms of som

The cancer arises in the urinary bladder because of malevolent development of cancer cell in the urinary bladder.  Atypical cancer cells increase their growth in the bladder irregularly and uncontrollably. The urinary bladder is a concave and brawny organ that stocks up urine.  This type of cancer is known as transitional cell carcinoma or urothelial cell carcinoma.  The signs and symptom of this type of cancer in the urinary bladder is typically bring about blood in the urine.  The bleeding from the urinary bladder in the urine possibly noticeable to the bare eye called gross hematuria.  Sometimes the hematuria may be not noticeable to the bare eye called microscopic hematuria, as they can be seen only under microscope.  Additional likely symptoms of the bladder cancer comprise of pain through urination and recurrent urination called polyuria.  Hematuria and recurrent urination may occur possibly due to inflammation of the urinary bladder too. The main reason for the bladde

There are many kinds of alternative treatment methods to treat cancer all over the world.  The conventional alternative cancer treatment methods are of using therapies like chemotherapy, chemoembolization method, radiation therapy, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.  Even some methods of alternative cancer treatment techniques are costly.  They are useful in lessening the pain and discomfort of the patient.  In many cases, these alternative treatment methods give devastating and overwhelming side effects after it, but they are in no way important in reducing the symptoms of cancer. Chemotherapy is a conventional method of treating cancer using drugs.  These chemotherapeutic drugs will obliterate and demolish cancer cells by obstructing and slowing down the development and duplication of the cancer cells.  Some chemotherapeutic drugs are Accutane, Mesnex, and PROCRIT. Chemoembolization is another alternative treatment regimen and that convey

What is cancer? We all should know about this fatal disease condition.  Most people die after some months or years once cancer affects them.  It affects all sort of social level people. So we must know about cancer. Cancer is a deadly disease, and what will it do for a patient who is affected with it? And how can we define cancer and how it develops? We should understand these questions first to know well about cancer.  Cancer is not a single disease condition like cough or fever, but cancer is of different types somewhat approximately 100 in number.  Will it affect any particular organ or system in our body? No.  It will affect more or less all body organs and systems.  Even the delicate organs like eyes and heart can even be affected by cancer when it spreads to those organs. In total cancer is a fatal disease condition of affecting overall body cells when it affects a patient. As there are 100 more types of cancerous conditions that affect our body, each kind of cancer is disti

In this lesson, we will learn about important musculoskeletal system combining forms. All combining forms are very important to understand the medical terminology well.  As a medical transcription learner, you must know the meaning of all the system combining forms to do the live files once you promoted into production.  Every learner should have one good medical dictionary to know the meaning of each terminology crosschecked.  Each medical word is a combination of one or more combining forms bridging vowel in general the letter 'O' and a suffix or the word end.  In this way, every trainee should try to split each medical word and understand it. 1.   Calc/o means calcium.   Hypocalemia means a disease condition of less calcium in the bones.   Hypercalcemia means an abnormal condition of more calcium in the bones. 2.   Calci/o means calcium.   Decalcification is an abnormal condition of loss of calcium in the bones. 3.   Kyph/o means humpback.   Kyphosis is an abno

In this post we are going to learn about more important musculoskeletal system vocabularies.  You should try to use a medical dictionary to know more about each of these words using diagrams.  This will make your learning process better to create an inner picture of each of these terms inside you permanently.  This will give you more proficiency of medical terms and this will help you to transcribe easily when a dictator dictates these terms in his live file when you start transcription file for training or for job.  This is my own experience.  Please try it out.   1.  Fossa:  Shallow hole or cavity like opening in a bone. 2.  Haversian canals:  Minute or tiny openings packed with blood vessels found in compact bone. 3.  Malleolus:  Ring-shaped processes on both faces of the ankle joint. 4.  Mastoid process:  Spherical and round-shaped protrusion or bulge on the temporal bone at the back of the ear. 5.  Medullary cavity:  Innermost, middle, burrowing area in