Endocrinology Terms - Lesson 312

We will see about endocrinology terms. This lesson also is the continutation of endocrine terms, such as, somatotropin, testosterone, thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH, thyroixine, and triiodothyronine. You must read and understand the importance of each term and the usage of these terms in the practical medical transcription work and also for training purposes. As free medical transcription course learner, I advise you to memorize these terms by their meaning, but not just as words. The next set of lessons will focus on endocrinology disorders.

Somatotropin: This is a hormone that is formed by the pituitary gland in the brain exactly at the anterior part. This anterior part of pituitary gland is called as adenohypophysis. The another name of somatotropin is growth hormone.

Testosterone: This is a male hormone. Testosterone is formed by the male reproductive gland that is found in the male reproductive organ called testes.

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH): This important hormone is produced by the anterior part of the pituitary gland in the brain. The anterior part of the pituitary gland is called as adenohypophysis. Thyroid-stimulating hormone works on the thyroid gland and helps to function it well. TSH is also called as thyrotropin.

Thyroxine: The another name of thyroxine is T4. Thyroid gland forms thyroxine. The another name of thyroxine is tetraiodothyronine. The main function of thyroixine is increasing of metabolism function of

the cells.

Triiodothyronine: The another name of triiodothyronine is T3. This hormone is produced by thyroid gland. The main fuction of triiodothyronine is increasing of metabolism in body cells.

Next two lessons will also be the continuation of these terms. After that we can focus on important endocrine combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes.

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Important Endocrine Terms - Lesson 311

We are seeing about important endocrine terms in the last few posts. This chapter is a long one. We have seen about glucagon, insulin, FSH, estradiol, estrogen, calcitonin, and cortisol in the prior lesson. In this lesson we are going to see explanations about luteinizing hormone (LH), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), progesterone, parathormone (PTH), oxytocin and norepinephrine.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH): This hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland portion named as adenohypophysis. Luteinizing hormone or LH induces the formation of ovum or egg in female reproductive system. In male LH stimulates the creation of an important hormone named as testosterone.

Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH): MSH induces the color cell formation on the skin. Melanocyte-stimulating hormones is formed on the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The another name of anterior pituitary gland is adenohypophysis.

Progesterone: This important hormone is produced by ovaries. Progesterone helps to make ready the uterus before pregnancy and while prognancy.

Parathormone (PTH): PTH is formed in the parathyroid gland in the neck. The another name of parathormone is parathyroid hormone. The main function of parathormone is to increase in blood calcium level in the blood.

Oxytocin: It is one of the important endocrine terms. This important hormone is formed on the backside portion of the pituitary gland in the brain. This posterior portion of the pituitary gland is called as neurohypophysis. The important function of oxytocin is to induce the shrinking and extension of the uterus during labor pain and childbirth.

Norepinephrine: This hormone is produced by the outer covering of adrenal gland named as adrenal medulla. The another name of norepinephrine is noradrenaline. Norepinephrine helps in the sympathomimetic action of the nervous system in human. This hormone also helps to increase the heart rate and pressure in the blood.

We have seen important endocrine terms yet. In the next lesson, we will see about other important endocrine terms, such as, thyroid-stimulating hormone, somatotropin, testosterone, prolactin, and thyroxine. Okay. Come on.

Endocrine System

Endocrine Medical Terms - Lesson 310

In this article, we are going to see about endocrine medical terms. Endocrinology is an important medical speciality. Many women suffer from hormone deficits and so suffer from many sexual and appearance problems. Late menstruation, irregular menstrual cycles, abnormal hair growth, bone thinness etc. Proper timely treatment and medications will solve these problems, but many women have no idea of what kind of treatment to be done. As a medical transcription online trainee, you should know about endocrinology terms. In this lesson, we will see about insulin, glucagon, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, estradiol, calcitonin, cortisol, and epineprhine. 

Glucagon: This is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas, especially by the cells of the Islet of langerhans. The main duty of glucagon is to increase blood sugar by converting glycogen into 

glucose.

Insulin: This very very important hormone is produced by the same pancreas, especially by the Islet of langerhans. Insulin lessents blood sugar and converting glucose into glycogen. Insuling works opposite 

to glucagon.

Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH): This important hormone is secreted by pituitary gland in the anterior part. The anterior part of pituitary gland is called as adenohypophysis. The short form of follicle-stimulating hormone is FSH. It induces secretion of hormones and also stimulates production of egg by the ovaries. FSH also stimulates the production of sperm cells by the testes.

Estradiol: This is a female hormone. Estrogen is secreted by the ovaries.

Estrogen: This is also a female hormone. Estrogen is secreted by the ovaries. Estrogen is also secreted by the adrenal corted in a smaller portions.

Calcitonin: This hormone is produced by the thyroid gland. The main function of calcitonin is to lessen calcium levels in the blood. The another name of calcitonin is thyrocalcitonin.

Cortisol: This hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex, the outer layer of adrenal glands. The main function of cortisol is to increase the levels of sugar in the blood.

We have seen about endocrine medical terms. The next lesson also is the continutation of endocrine terms, such as, growth hormone, melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), norepinephrine, oxytocin, progesterone, parathormone (PTH), and prolactin. Okay. Come on.

Endocrine System Information

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Endocrine Terms - Lesson 309

In the endocrine terms information for free medical transcription course, the learners today are going to learn about some other important endocrine terms. Today we are going to deal about thyroid gland, adrenaline hormone, aldosterone, androgen, ACTH, and anti-diuretic hormone. Free medical transcription learners should study these words and remember them. Using a medical dictionary installed and refer it always in your computer is a good habit to learn the meanings of these words. Referring and keeping the meanings in mind is very essential in our learning process. Whenever you involve in doing training files or live files this habit of reference will add more pace to your profession.

Thyroid Gland: This gland is situated in the neck. Thyroid is the biggest gland in the human body. It is present below the thyroid cartilage. There are two thyroid glands on each side of the Adam's apple bone. The joining area of two lobes of thyroid gland is called as isthmus, which is present below the cricoid cartilage. The energy or stamina is created by consuming food materials. Thyroid gland determines how quickly this energy should be used by the body to form proteins and makes the body sensible to hormones.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): In the lesson of endocrine terms, we will see about ACTH. Corticotropin is the other name of ACTH. It is a polypeptide kind of tropic hormone. Corticotropin is produced by anterior pituitary gland in the brain. This hormone helps in secreting and discharge of corticosteroids, named cortisol from the outer covering of the adrenal glands named as adrenal cortex.

Adrenaline Hormone: The other name of adrenaline hormone is epinephrine. Epinephrine is a neurotransmitter. It helps to stimumate heart rate and pulse rate of blood vessels. Adrenaline also dilates air passages and helps to function the sympathetic nervous system. Epinephrine is one of the catecholamines.

Aldosterone: This is produced by the outer cover of the adrenal glands called adrenal cortex. Aldosterone hormone is yellow in color. This functions mainly on the nephron in the kidneys. It helps to

increase liquid retention in our body and also helping in increasing blood pressure. Anti-hypertensive tablets functions opposite to the aldosterone.

Antidiuretic Hormone: The other name of ADH is vasopressin. This hormone helps to enhance absorption of water by the nephrons in the kidneys. This is also a peptide kind of hormone. ADH helps ot increase blood pressure in the arteries. Body's homeostasis is acheived by this hormone by regulating glucose, essential salts, and water in the body. It is believed that human behaves like a social animal only because of the influence of this hormone.

We have studied about endocrine terms. In the next lesson, we will learn about other important endocrine medical terms, such as, androgen, calcitonin, estradiol, estrogen, and FSH. Okay. Come On. 

Endocrine Explanation Video

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Important Endocrine Terms - Lesson 308

We will study bout important endocrine terms now. We will deal with a list of words that are related to endocrine system. Small definitions of each term should be understood well by medical transcription course learners. You will hear these words often while you do tests and do online files of medical transcription. Today we will see words about endocrine system in alphabetical order. Today we are going to see about adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes, pancreas, parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, and thyroid gland.

Adrenal Medulla: This is a part of one of adrenal gland. It is situated at the middle of the adrenal gland. Adrenal gland is covered by adrenal cortex. The innermost covering of the adrenal gland is adrenal medulla. Important hormones that are secreted by adrenal medulla are  adrenaline or epinephrine, noradrenaline or norepinephrine, and dopamine.

Adrenal Cortex: This is the outermost layer of adrenal gland. It covers the outer area of adrenal gland. This outer covering secretes important hormones like mineralaocorticoids, glucocorticoids, cortisol, and aldosterone. The male hormone named androgen is synthsized in this layer.

Ovaries: It is the sexual gland, which produces egg. Ovary is found in pairs in female reproductive system. It is situated in the side wall of the pelvis in the ovarian fossa. The hormones secreted by ovaries are estrogen and progesterone. These hormones decide the secondary sexual characteristic features in women.

Testes: These are the male sexual gland that are homologous to the ovaries. Sperm is produced by testes by a process called spermatogenesis. The hormones secreted by testes are androgen and testosterone. These hormones decide the secondary sexual characteristic features in men.

Pancreas: Pancreas is one of the gland in the human body. This is situated in the digestive system in human. Pancreas is not only function as a digestive organ, but also an endocrine gland. Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice. Pancreas is present behind the stomach. Islets of Langerhans produce hormones from the pancreas.

Parathyroid Glands: These are two small-sized endocrine glands that are present on both sides of thyroid glands in the neck area. Parathyroid hormones produce parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid glands are four in number. The level of calcium in the blood and bones are controlled by these glands.

Pituitary Gland: The other name of pituitary gland is hypophysis. This gland is in the size of a pea. Pituitary gland is present beneath the hypothalamus. It is present at the base of the brain. Anterior pituitary is called adenohypophysis and posterior pituitary is known as neurohypophysis.

In the next lesson, we will see about thyroid gland, adrenaline hormone, androgen, aldosterone, and calcitonin. Okay. Come on.

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Reproductive System Hormones - Lesson 307

We will study about reproductive system hormones now. In this article, we will see about female and male reproductive systems, hormones secreted by them, and their functions in human body. Female reproductive system consists of ovaries. Ovaries are two small, about 1.5-inch sized glands situated in the lower part of the abdomen in female. The other important parts of female reproductive system are vagina, cervix, uterus and fallopiant tubes. These are inner reproductive parts. The other parts are in the outer side are labia, clitoris and urethra. Whenver a male has intercourse with a female sperm is discharged into the vagina. The sperm is then deposited at the end of the vagina near the tightly-closed mouth of the cervix. Cervix is the narrow head portion of the uterus.

Anatomy of Female Reproductive System: The outer area of the female reproductive organ is labia muscles. Labia are of two types, such as labia minora and labia majora. Labia majora is the bigger outer muscle of the vagina with hairs. Labia minora is the smaller hairless muscle concealed inside the labia majora. Both labia majora and labia minora are lip-like structures and they are made up of adipose tissue. Clitoris is a small button-like structure. This is an important sexual organ in female. It is situated adjacent to the upper junction of the labia minora. Clitoris is present above the urinary opening called as urethra and the reproductive opening called as vagina. Vagina is a fibromuscular tube. Sexual intercourse and birth of a child happens here only. Vaginal canal leads to the cervix. Cervix is attached with uterus. Uterus is attached with fallopian tubes. Two fallopian tubes on both sides of the cervix attached to ovaries. Ovaries produce eggs. Eggs travel via fallopian tubes to enter into the uterus. Where the sperm cell unite with the egg to form a gamete. Two glands are present on the backside of the left and right side of the vagina called as Bartholin's glands. Sexual lubricants are secreted by these glands on arousal and also produce mucus.

Female Reproductive System Hormones: Ovaries are the important female reproductive organ, which secretes two important hormones to perform normal body functions during menstrual cycle and childbirth.  The two important hormones are estradiol or estrogen and progesterone. 

Function of Estradiol: The hormone estradiol or estrogen is useful for the growth and management of secondary sexual characteristics, for example, hair growth and breast growth in female.

Function of Progesterone: The other hormone progesterone is useful for the management and preparation of the uterus during pregnancy.

Male Reproductive System Anatomy: There are a series of organs that form male reproductive system that are present around the pelvic area of male. Penis, testes, prostate glands and Cowper's glands are 

the importnat parts of the male reproductive system. Penis can be enlarged or shrink at times on arousal. Urine is excreted via the penis. Testes is the important glands that are small in structure. Testes are surrounded by scrotal sac. Spermatic cord attaches to it.

Function of Testes: Testes create male gametes, known as spermatozoa. Testes also secrete testosterone. Testosterone is a male steroid hormone type. The other name is androgen. Androgen is responsible for secondary male characteristics, such as, voice difference, hair growth in the face and body, big shoulders etc.

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Endocrine Glands List - Lesson 306

We will now see main endocrine glands list now. There are 9 important endocine glands in our body. They secrete different types of hormones. Each homones does its unique function inside our body. These hormones directly mix with blood from the glands of its production and so they are named as endocrine glands. Our body also has a system of exocrine glands, such as sweat glands. Exocrine glands have its own ducts to contact with bloodstream. The important endocrine glands are thyroid glands in the neck, parathyroids glands on both sides of thyroid glands, adrenal cortex and medulla in the kidneys, pancreas in the liver, pituitary gland in the brain,  ovaries in female reproductive system, and testes in male reproductive system.

Thyroid and Parathyroid Hormones: Thyroid gland secretes two important hormones, such as, thyroxin and triiodothyroxine. These two hormones help to increase body metabolism in body cells. Another one important hormone secreted by thyroid glands is calcitonin. This hormone helps to lower blood calcium levels in blood. Parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, This hormone helps to increase blood calcium. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone are opposite in their actions. 

Adrenal Gland Hormones: Adrenal glands in the kidney secrete a hormone named as aldosterone, the other name of this hormone is mineralocorticoid. This hormone is helpful in increasing re-absorption of sodium. The outer cover of adrenal glands called as adrenal cortex secretes this hormone. The other hormones secreted by adrenal cortex is cortisol, the other name of cortisol is glucocorticoid, and other sexual hormones, such as androgens, estrogens, and progestins. Cortisol is helpful in increasing blood surgar. Androgen, estrogen, and progestin are helpful in maintaining secondary sexual characteristics in both men and women. Medulla is the inner layer of adrenal gland. Medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones. The other name of epinephrine is adrenaline and the other name of norepinephrine is nor-adrenaline. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are responsible for sympathomimetic actions in the body.

Pancreas Hormones: The homones secreted by pancreas are insulin and glucagon. The main function of insulin is to decrease blood sugar by coverting glucose into glycogen. The function of glucagon is to increase blood sugar. Insulin and glucagon are opposite to each other in functions.

Pituitary Hormones: Hormones secreted by pituitary gland are growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 

luteinizing hormone (LH), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and oxytocin. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) helps to increase skin pigmentation. Luteinizing hormone (LH) helps in promoting ovulation in female, secretion of testosterone, breast growth, and milk production. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) helps in the process of oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Growth 

hormone (GH) helps to increase bone and tissue growth. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) helps to stimulate secretion of thyroxine and development of thyroid gland. Adrenocorticotropic hormone helps to 

stimulate production of hormones from the adrenal gland, mainly the cortisol.

Reproductive Hormones: Ovaries in female and testes in men secrete estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone. Estradiol helps in the development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics in female. Progesterone helps in preparation and maintenance of uterus during pregnancy. Testosterone helps to promote development and maintaining secondary sexual characteristics in men.

Endocrine Glands System Information

We have dealt with endocrine glands list now. In the next lesson, we will deal about female reproductive system hormones and functions. Okay. Come on.

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