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I.Q.Tests:- 1. The I.Q. tests like the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale are the test used for patient's mental health and intelligence by the Clinical psychologists. 2. To reveal personality structure the I.Q. tests like Rorschach technique and Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT) are used for patient. 3. To draw certain picture, geometric designs or a body the tests like Bender-Gestalt Test and Draw a Person Test are used for the patients. These tests are useful in detecting deficiencies in movement or coordination due to brain damage. 4. The test which is widely used for sense of duty or responsibility, ability to relate others and dominance and an objective measure of psychological disorders in adolescents and adults. The responses made by a patient whenever they are questioned are compared with diagnoses of schizophrenia, depression and so on. Now let us come to know about Psychiatric symptoms The

PSYCHIATRY: Many people want to know the idea about Psychiatry. Then what is Psychiatry? Psychiatry is the branch of medicine that deals with the study, treatment and prevention of mental illness. This term was first found by the German physician Johann Christian Reil in 1808. This has been explained as an intermediatary between the world from a social context from the perspective of those who are mentally ill. Comparable with surgery, internal medicine, pediatrics, and obstetrics this is a speciality of clinical medicine. Who are Psychiatrists? Psychiatrists complete the medical training as same as other physicians and receive an M.D.degree and their training is around field of medicine. They specialize in doctor-patient relationship and are trained to different levels in field of psychotherapy and other therapeutic communication techniques. But Psychiatrists differ from Psychologists. Psychiatrists can counsel patients, prescribe medication, utilize neuroimagin

Now let us common we would learn some Abbreviations. Every medical transcriptionist must know these abbreviations while doing the live dictations from hospitals. These represent the ide of when a drug should be given to a patient in hospital or home by others or taken by the patient himself in a chronological order. 1. ac - before meals 2. ad lib - freely as desired 3. b.i.d. - two times a day 4. PDR - Physician's Desk Reference 5. po - by mouth; (per os) 6. p.r.n. - when requested; (pro re nata) 7. c^ - with 8. caps - capsule 9. cc - cubic centimeter 10. FDA - Food and Drug Administration 11. gm - gram 12. gt, gtt - drops 13. h - hour 14. IM - intramuscular 15. IV - intravenous 16. mg - milligram 17. NPO - nothing by mouth 18. NSAID - nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug 19. os - mouth 20. oz - ounce 21. pc - after meals 22

In this lesson we would learn about vitamins and their food source and the remaining combining forms: 1. Vitamin A is named as Retinol, dehydroretinol which is present in green leafy and yellow vegetables; liver, eggs, cod liver oil. 2. Vitamin B1 is named as Thiamine which is present in yeast, ham, liver, peanuts and milk. 3. Vitamin B2 is named as Riboflavin which is present in milk, liver, green vegetables. 4. Niacin is named as Nicotinic acid which is present yeast, liver, peanuts, fish, poultry. 5. Vitamin B6 is named as Pyridoxine which is present in liver, fish, yeast. 6. Vitamin B12 is named as Cyanocobalamin which is present in milk, eggs, liver. 7. Vitamin C is named as Ascorbic acid which is present citrus fruits, vegetables. 8. Vitamin D is named as Calciferol which is present cod liver oil, milk, egg yolk. 9. Vitamin E is named as alpha-tocopherol which is present in wheat gram oil, cereals, egg yolk. 10. Vitam

In this lesson we will learn about the Combining forms, Prefixes and Terminology Combining form -> Meaning -> Terminology 1. aer/o means air - aerosol means particles of solution in air suspended. 2. aiges/o means sensitivity to pain - analgesic means without sensitivity to pain. 3. bronch/o means bronchial tube - agents which expands bronchial tubes - bronchodilator. ( Theophylline is as smooth muscle relaxtant used to treat asthma, emphysema and Chronic bronchitis) 4. chem/o means drug - chemotherapy means treatment using drugs. 5. cras/o means mixture - idiosyncrasy means an abnormal unexpected effect of a drug that is peculiar to an individual. (idi/o means individual, peculiar, syn- means together) 6. cutane/

In this lesson we will learn about the classes of Drugs: 1. ACE inhibitor:- It lowers blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II which is a powerful vasoconstrictor. 2. Amphetamine:- It is a Central nervous system stimulant. 3. Analgesic:- Drug which stops pain. 4. Anesthetic:- Drug which reduces or takes out sensation. 5. Antacid:- Drug which is Gastrointestinal that neutralizes acid in the stomach. 6. Antianginal:- A drug which stops angina which means chest pain due to enough flow of blood to the heart muscle. 7. Antiarrhythmic:- A cardiovascular drug which helps to restore heart rhythm to a regular cycle. 8. Antibiotic:- A chemical substance produced by a plant or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or kill foreign organisms in the body. 9. Anticoagulant:- Clotting of blood is prevented by the drug. 10. Anticonvulsant:- Convulsions of blood is prevente

In this post we will learn about the general medical terms of pharmacology and their definitions General terms and their meanings 1. Addictive action:- An action in which two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each drug. 2. Aerosol:- Drug particles which are suspended in air. 3. Antidote:- Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug. 4. Anaphylaxis:- An extensive level of hypersensitivity reaction of the body to a drug or foreign organism. 5. Brand name:- A commercial name for a drug trade name. 6. Chemical name:- A drug's chemical formula 7. Contraindications:- Prevention of particular drug or treatment for the patient's condition. 8. Food and Drug Administration (FDA):- For enforcing the proper drug manufacture and clinical use the Governmental agency is having the legal responsibility. 9. Generic name:- A drug's legal noncommercial name. 10. Iatrogenic:- In

Now in this lesson we will learn about Respiratory Drugs and their types Respiratory Drugs:- These drugs are given for the treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), allergy, asthma, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, lung disease, smoking cessation, pneumonia, emphysema, sinus infections, and others. Bronchodilators are used to open the air passages and can be administered by injection or inhalers like aerosol. These drugs also reduce inflammation in nasal passages. There are varieties of Respiratory Drugs. 1. Bronchodilators :- These medicines are helpful to open the bronchial tubes of the lungs, allowing more air to flow through them. Exs:- 1. Albuterol (Proventil) 2. Aminophylline (Amoline) 3. (Nembutal) 4. Epinephrine 5. Theophyline (Theo-Dur) 2. Steroid :- Steroids are the drugs that doctors typically prescribe tohelp control inflammation in the body. They are often used for control conditions like asthma and lupus. Exs:- 1. Beclomethasone (Be

Now in this lesson we will learn about Gastrointestinal Drugs and their types Gastrointestinal Drugs:- These drugs are used to relieve uncomfortable and dangerous symptoms, rather than as cures for particular diseases. The various types of gastrointestinal drugs are:- 1. Antacids:- Antacids are the drugs which are used to neutralize the hydrochloric acid in the stomach to cure symptoms of peptic ulcer, esophagitis and epigastric discomfort. These Antacids are taken by mouth and contain ingredients such as aluminium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate in various combinations. They also contain ingredients such as simethicone which takes out gas. Exs:- 1. Aluminium and magnesium antacid (Gaviscon) 2. Magnesium antacid (milk of magnesia) 3. Aluminium antacid (Rolaids) 2. Antidiarrheal:- These drugs stops diarrhea and decrease the rapid movement of the walls of the colon. Exs:- 1. Diphenoxylate and atropine (L

Now in this lesson we will learn about different types of Endocrine drugs TYPES OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DRUGS The various types of endocrine drugs are:- 1. Androgen:- These are male hormones that are used for male hormone replacement or to treat endometriosis and breast cancer in women. Exs:- 1. Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin) 2. Methyltesterone (Virilon) 2. Antiandrogen:- This will be helpful to treat prostate cancer. Antiandrogens usually work by blocking the related receptors, competing for binding sites on the cell's surface, rejecting the androgen's way. Ex:- 1. Flutamide 3. Estrogen:- These are female harmones that are used for symptoms associated with menopause and to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. The deficiency of Estrogen can lead to osteoporosis. Ex:- 1. Estrogens (Premarin, Estradiol) 4. Antiestrogen:- These are used to prevent recurrence of breast cancer and to treat metastatic breast cancer. Some patients have tumo

In this post let us learn briefly about the types of Cardiovascular drugs 1. Statins:- These drugs are used to lower cholesterol in human body system. If the diet cannot be controlled through diet and exercises then doctors prescribe the different types of statins. 2. Diuretics:- These drugs are helpful to reduce fluid retention, blood pressure though they are not first line blood pressure medications. When the heart work harder these drugs reduces workload of heart. 3. Anticoagulants:- These drugs are used to prevent blood clotting. To shorten our future risk this drugs are regularly used. 4. Anti-platelet:- These drugs are preferred to anticoagulants and the mostly used medication is aspirin. 5. Beta-blockers:- These drugs have more uses. They are helpful in controlling blood pressure, slow fast arrhythmias and reduce chest pain associated with angina. The different types of beta-blockers are helpful to control heart disease symptoms. 6. Digitalis:- The