Free Online Medical Transcription Course

This is the continuation of LESSON 128. 29. Morbidity: The condition of being diseased. 30. Mucinous: The cancer cells containing mucus. 31. Mutation: Change in the genetic material that is DNA of a cell may be caused by chemicals, radiation or viruses or may occur spontaneously. 32. Neoplasm: New growth that may be either benign or malignant tumor. 33. Oncogene: A region of genetic material in a cell that is DNA found in tumor cell (cellular oncogene) on in viruses that cause cancer called viral oncogene. Oncogenes are designated by a three-letter word, such as abl, erb, jun, myc, ras, and src. 34. Pedunculated: Possessing a stem or stalk (peduncle) characteristic of some polypoid tumors. 35. Pharmacokinetics: Study of the distribution and removal of drugs in the body over a period of time. 36. Protocol: An explicit, detailed plan for treatment. 37. Radiation: Energy carried by a stream of particles. Various forms of radiation can cause cancer. 38. Radiocurable tumor

This lesson is the continuation of the LESSON 127. 15. Electron beams: Low-energy beams of radiation for treatment of skin or surface tumors. 16. Encapsulated: Surrounded by a capsule. Benign tumors are generally encapsulated. 17. Fractionation: Giving radiation in small, repeated doses. 18. Grading of tumors: Evaluating the degree of maturity of tumor cells. 19. Gross description of tumor: Visual appearance of tumors, cystic, fungating, inflammatory, medullary, necrotic, polypoid, ulcerating, and verrucous. 20. Infiltrative: Extending beyond normal tissue boundaries. 21. Invasive: Having the ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissue. 22. Linear accelerator: Device that produces high-energy x-ray beams for treatment of deep-seated tumors. 23. Malignant: Tending to become worse and result in death. Tumors having the characteristics of invasiveness, anaplasia, and metastasis. 24. Metastasis: Spread of a malignant tumor to a secondary site. Literally beyond control

1. Adjuvant therapy: Assisting primary treatment. Drugs are given early in the course of treatment along with surgery or radiation to attack cancer cells that may be too small to be detected by diagnostic techniques. 2. Alkylating agents: Synthetic chemicals containing alkyl groups that interfere with DNA synthesis. 3. Anaplasia: Loss of differentiation of cells. Reversion to a more primitive cell type. 4. Antibiotics: Chemical substances produced by bacteria that inhibit the growth of cells used in cancer chemotherapy. 5. Antimetabolites: Chemicals that prevent cell division by inhibiting the formation of substances necessary to make DNA and used in cancer chemotherapy. 6. Apoptesis: Programmed cell death. Apo- means off, away, and -ptosis means to fall. Normal cells undergo apoptesis when they are damaged or aging. Some cancer cells have lost the ability to undergo apoptesis and live forever. 7. Benign: Noncancerous. 6. Biological response modifiers: Substances produ

1. Aleveol/o- means a small bag or a sac Alveolar means pertaining to a small bag. 2. Cac/o- means dreadful or bad Cachexia means ill health and underfeeding. This may happen after a chronic disease. -hexia means habit. 3. Carcin/o- means cancer or cancerous. Carcinoma in situ means a cancer confined to a small area. 4. Cauter/o- means burn or heat. Electrocauterization is a process of burning with electricity. 5. Chem/o- means chemical substance or a drug. Chemotherapy is a treatment method of cancer using chemical substances i.e. drugs. 6. Cry/o- means cold or ice. Cryotherapy is a treatment method of cancer using cold or ice in a fluid bag. 7. Fibr/o- means fibers. Fibrosarcoma is a type of cancer of fibers and flesh portion of the body. 8. Follicul/o- means tiny glandular bags or sacs. Follicular is pertaining to small glandular sacs or pouches or bags. 9. Fung/o- means fungus or yeast or toadstool or mushroom. Fungating tumor is a tumor that appears li

1. -blast means undeveloped or not fully formed. Osteoblast is the undeveloped bone cells. 2. -oma means tumor or bunch. Neuroma is the tumor of the nerve cells. 3. -plasia means creation or development. Hyperplasia is disproportionate or extreme development of a cell. 4. -plasm means development or growth. Neoplasm is new growth or development of a cell. 5. -therapy means management. Radiotherapy is the management of cancer using beams of x-rays. CANCER MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY-IMPORTANT PREFIXES 1. ana- means toward the back or rearward. Anaplasia means backward growth of a cell. 2. apo- means off or not there. Apoptosis is the peter out or fade out. 3. epi- means upon or ahead. Epidermoid means the cells resembling epidermal tissue. 4. Meta- means away from or outside. Metastasis means spread away of a growth of a cell outside the limit. In the next post we will learn about Important Cancer Lab Tests. Okay. Come on. To go to the next lesson from here p

In this post we will study about different laboratory tests done to diagnose cancer one by one. Okay. 1. Acid phosphatase-This is an enzyme brings into being in lofty intensity in the blood of patients who has prostate cancer. 2. Alpha-fetoprotein test- This test is useful in find out the occurrence of alpha-fetoprotein in the serum of the patient who has testicular or liver cancer. 3. beta-HCG test- This test is useful in finding out the occurrence of HCG or human chorionic gonadotrophin in the serum of the blood of the patients who has cancer in their testicles. 4. CA-125- The patients who has cancer in ovaries i.e. ovarian cancer has a protein material that is from the cell exterior portion. This is produced by the cancer cells that produce cancer in the ovaries. 5. CEA test- This test is useful in discovering CEA or carcinoembryonic antigen in the blood of the patients who have cancer in their gastrointestinal tract or GI tract. 6. Estrogen receptor or Estradiol receptor As

PROSTATE CANCER STAGING: What is staging? Prostate cancer assessment is vital in finding out the stage of it. By this examination the depth of spread of cancer is found out. This is called cancer staging. Awareness of the stage would be of greatly helpful in classify the prospects and also advantageous at what time decide on using chemotherapies or radiation therapies or surgery. TNM staging system:  Most commonly a staging system is used nowadays called four-stage TNM system (T means tumor, N means nodes, and M means metastases). The elements of this staging system comprise of the dimension or extent of the tumor, the number of concerned lymph nodes, and the occurrence of metastases of any. Aim of Staging Method:  The ultimate aim of any staging is to confirm whether or not the cancer is still limited to the prostate. Up to T1 and T2 levels of prostate cancers the spread of cancer found merely in the prostate, but in the T3 and T4 level of cancers the spread is away from t

What prostate?  Prostate is a gland of chestnut in shape, which surrounds the foundation of the urethra (a canal which shows the say on or after the bladder that releases the urine outwardly and ejaculates semen during sex) in the male. The prostate gland is a component of the male reproductive organ that lends a hand to creat and stock up seminal fluid. For the reason that of its location, prostate often gets infection or any other illnesses and over and over again and which have an effect on urination, ejaculation, and on the odd occasion defecation. The prostate is full of many small glands and which put together approximately 20% of the fluid adding up to semen. When this gland takes part in cancer, the cells of these glands transmute and hooked on into cancer cells. The prostate glands need of androgen (common phrase for an hormone agent which excites activity of the accessory male sex organs and promotes growth of male sex uniqueness and this is a by-product of androst

1. Lymphangiography: Contrast (distinct-colored) dye is infused into the lymphatic vessels of the feet, as well as x-rays are taken of the lymphatic system to find out distended lymph nodes, obstruction in the lymphatic system, and the occurrence of tumors if any. 2. Bone marrow biopsy: A minute quantity of bone marrow tissue is aspirated and scrutinized beneath the microscope intended for proof of cancerous cells. 3. Needle Biopsy: A pointer needle is put in into the tissue in problem, and a central part of that tissue is detached. Aspiration of a tissues or suction of a tissue possibly used to remove free cells as of a fluid-filled cavity. This biopsy is taken from the cystic areas of the breast or from a solid lump of tumor. 4. Peritoneoscopy: This modus operandi as well called laparoscopy. This method is used to examine the abdominal or peritoneal cavity for any tumors. A laparoscope or peritoneoscope is inserted into the peritoneal cavity from side to side a small cut in

In this post, we are going to learn about important cancer abbreviations. These abbreviations are dictated often by physicians while we do online live medical transcription work in companies. So as a medical transcription learner, you all should be very much familiar with these medical terminologies. 1. bx means biopsy 2. ca means cancer 3. CEA means carcinoembryonic antigen 4. CMF means Cytoxan and methotrexate 5. 5-Fu means 5-fluorouracil 6. prot means protocol 7. CR means complete response 8. PSA means prostate specific antigen 9. DES means diethylstilbestrol 10. RNA means ribonucleic acid 11. DNA means deoxyribonucleic acid 12. TNM means tumor, nodes, and metastases 13. ER means estrogen receptor 14. XRT means radiation therapy 15. Ga means Gallium 16. mets means metastases 17. NED means no evidence of disease 18. NHL means non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 19. Pap smear means Papanicolaou's smear 20. PR means partial resp

This is the treatment of ailment by means of also an external source of high-energy beams like photons, protons, and gamma rays. They are on the inside embedded radioactive substances. These radioactive waves and particles are helpful in destructing the cancer cells in the body especially the DNA of those cells and stopping the progress of their development. There are variable human resource people concerned in this medical field. A doctor who specializes in diagnostic radiology is called radiologist. A doctor who dedicates himself in the practice of management of investigative nuclear medicine course of action is called nuclear physician. A physician who is specialized in practice of radiotherapy is called radiation oncologist or radiotherapist. Allied health care professionals who work with physicians in the fields of radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiotherapy are called radiologic technologists. Radiologic technologists can be divided into three categories such as: 1. Ra

Wilhelm Conard Roentgen was invented x-rays and so study of x-rays is called roentgenology. Another name for study of x-rays is called Radiology. X-rays are indistinguishable wave particles of energy. X-rays are formed by means of an energy basis for instance an x-ray machine or cathode ray tube. X-rays are helpful in identifying and handling of diseases. Nuclear medicine is the medical speciality facilitates us to study the distinctiveness and applications of radioactive materials in the analysis of diseases. Radioactive substances emit high-speed constituent parts and energy- containing beams of rays on or after the center of their substance. The given out particles and beams of rays. This activity is called radioactivity. There are three type of radioactive elements that emits radioactivity, such as alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. Gamma rays are analogous to x-rays because they comprise no mass and are used successfully seeing that an investigating marker t

This is the treatment of ailment by means of also an external source of high-energy beams like photons, protons, and gamma rays. They are on the inside embedded radioactive substances. These radioactive waves and particles are helpful in destructing the cancer cells in the body especially the DNA of those cells and stopping the progress of their development. There are variable human resource people concerned in this medical field. A doctor who specializes in diagnostic radiology is called radiologist. A doctor who dedicates himself in the practice of management of investigative nuclear medicine course of action is called nuclear physician. A physician who is specialized in practice of radiotherapy is called radiation oncologist or radiotherapist. Allied health care professionals who work with physicians in the fields of radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiotherapy are called radiologic technologists. Radiologic technologists can be divided into three categories such as: 1. Rad

More than a few attributes of x-rays are helpful to physicians in the analysis and treatment of disease. Capacity to be photographed: If beams of x-ray are focussed on a photographic plate the silver coating of the plate will change into black in color due to the chemical reaction of it on silver. Radiolucency and Radiopacity: Ability to penetrate different substances to varying degrees. X-rays pass through the different types of substances in the human body such as calcium material in bones, water particle in the blood and lymph vessels, fat materials, muscles, and air space in the lungs, so as to give the image of that to diagnose. Radiolucency is the characteristic feature in which x-rays penetrate through lighter substances in the body like air in the lung and water in the blood, and muscles and form a black image. Radiopacity is the characteristic feature of the x-ray in which it cannot penetrate through densest hard substances like bone and metals inside the body and form

X-rays are used in a variety of ways to detect pathological conditions. In dentistry x-rays are commonly used to diagnose to locate cavities in teeth. Further specialities use x-rays commonly are gastroenterology, neurology, gynecology, and endocrinology, and osteology. Contrast Studies: In x-ray film, the likely variations in the thickness of body tissues create different outline images on the x-ray film. On the other hand when x-rays get ahead of two nearby divisions made up of materials of the identical density. Such as the digestive organs in the abdomen, their images cannot be notable on the film on the screen. It is obligatory followed by to infuse a dissimilar medium called contrast medium into the structure or solution to envisage as a negative mark on the thick contrast medium. CT or Computerized Tomography scan or CAT or Computer-Aided Tomography Scan: This is one of the avant-garde techniques in radiologic analysis. The CT scans are very much receptive to find out b